Embark on a captivating voyage through time as you discover the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site nestled in the heart of Sri Lanka. This article will guide you through the top 10 highlights of Polonnaruwa, offering a profound glimpse into the island’s illustrious past.
Table of Contents
The Significance of Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa was the thriving second capital of Sri Lanka, and today, it stands as a mesmerizing archaeological treasure trove. The city’s well-preserved ruins provide a fascinating window into the architectural and cultural advancements of ancient Sri Lanka.
Top Highlights of Polonnaruwa
Gal Vihara
One of the most iconic sites in Polonnaruwa, the Gal Vihara, features a collection of colossal Buddha statues. Each statue is meticulously carved from a single granite rock, showcasing the advanced craftsmanship of ancient Sri Lankan artisans.
Royal Palace Complex
The Royal Palace complex is home to the intricately designed Audience Hall and the Quadrangle. These structures highlight the architectural brilliance of the Polonnaruwa kingdom and offer a glimpse into the life of the royal court.
Parakrama Samudra
This colossal reservoir was built to support agriculture and stands as a testament to the sophisticated irrigation systems employed by the ancient Sri Lankans. The sheer scale of Parakrama Samudra is awe-inspiring and highlights the ingenuity of its creators.
Rankoth Vehera
The Rankoth Vehera is one of the largest stupas in Polonnaruwa. Its grandeur and historical significance make it a must-visit site for anyone exploring the ancient city.
Lankatilaka Temple
The Lankatilaka Temple is another architectural marvel in Polonnaruwa. Its towering walls and intricate carvings narrate stories of religious devotion and cultural splendor.
The Architecture of Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa’s architecture is a blend of religious and royal edifices. The city’s layout reflects the harmony between human ingenuity and nature, creating an enchanting atmosphere that resonates with history.
Cultural and Religious Significance
The ancient city of Polonnaruwa is not just an archaeological site; it is a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich cultural and religious heritage. The structures within the city narrate tales of Buddhist devotion and the island’s historical journey.
How to Visit Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa is accessible by road from major cities in Sri Lanka. The best way to explore the ancient city is by hiring a private tour guide who can provide detailed insights into each site’s history and significance.
Conclusion
Exploring the ancient city of Polonnaruwa is a profound journey into the heart of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. From the grandeur of the Gal Vihara to the intricate designs of the Royal Palace complex, Polonnaruwa offers a unique window into the island’s past.
External Resources
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Polonnaruwa
- Lonely Planet – Polonnaruwa
- Sri Lanka Tourism – Polonnaruwa
FAQ
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What are the ancient places in Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa is home to several remarkable ancient sites. Some of the must-see places include:
Gal Vihara: A collection of impressive Buddha statues carved into granite rock.
Polonnaruwa Vatadage: A circular relic house with intricate stone carvings.
Lankathilaka Image House: A towering brick structure housing a large Buddha statue.
Somawathiya Chaitya: An ancient stupa with religious significance.
Wasgamuwa National Park: Although not within Polonnaruwa itself, it’s nearby and worth a visit. -
What is the historical importance of Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa served as the second capital of Sri Lanka after the decline of Anuradhapura. It thrived from the 11th to the 13th century and was a hub of cultural, religious, and architectural development.
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How big is Polonnaruwa ancient city?
The ancient city of Polonnaruwa covers a substantial area, with well-preserved ruins spread across its landscape. While exact measurements vary, it encompasses significant structures, including palaces, temples, and gardens.
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What is the Temple complex of Polonnaruwa?
The temple complex in Polonnaruwa includes various religious structures. Notable among them are Gal Vihara (with its magnificent Buddha statues), Lankatilaka (housing a large headless Buddha), and other shrines dedicated to Buddhism.
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What is the dress code for Polonnaruwa ancient city?
When visiting the ancient sites, it’s essential to respect cultural norms. Dress modestly by covering your shoulders and knees. Embrace the historical ambiance with appropriate attire, showing reverence for the sacred heritage.
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What is the lost city in Sri Lanka?
The “lost city” often refers to Sigiriya, an ancient rock fortress and palace complex located near Polonnaruwa. Sigiriya is famous for its stunning frescoes, gardens, and historical significance.
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Who was the first king of Polonnaruwa?
King Vijayabahu I, of the Sinhalese kingdom, conquered Polonnaruwa in 1070 CE and made it his capital, exiling the Cholas. He adorned Polonnaruwa with Buddhist monuments, replacing the Brahmanist structures of the Chola dynasty.
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Who found Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa’s historical prominence began after the destruction of Anuradhapura. King Vijayabahu I played a crucial role in establishing it as the capital, succeeding the Cholas.
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What happened to Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa declined over time, facing invasions and shifts in power. By the 13th century, it lost its status as the capital, leading to its eventual abandonment. However, its ruins remain as a testament to its glorious past
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